# TrendEspresso

**Meet the world's first non-custodial copy trading service powered by DeFi.**

**Don't have the time to stare at the charts? Copy the trades of our curated strategies.**

*TrendEspresso stays up all night so you don’t have to. Our signals, your custody.*

***

{% hint style="success" %}
**Visit** [**https://app.trendespresso.xyz**](https://app.trendespresso.xyz) **and check it out TODAY!**
{% endhint %}

***

<figure><img src="https://2521336890-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FFbZJohtEKsCWqJfnM9Ev%2Fuploads%2FW7jP2G40zW8euA9963PV%2FScreenshot%202025-06-18%20at%2023.33.10.png?alt=media&amp;token=050495f0-3ed0-4210-b385-f834d9207e76" alt=""><figcaption><p>https://app.trendespresso.xyz</p></figcaption></figure>

## Introduction

TrendEspresso is a non-custodial curated copy trading service powered by DeFi on the Avalanche blockchain (Arbitrum coming soon).

Our carefully designed strategies can be copied by anyone without giving up custody of their funds. Each user [deploys their own smart contract wallet](/about-us/your-te-portfolio) allowing them to retain full and sole custody of their cryptoassets whilst copying trades made by the pros.

Our platform is fully censorship resistant and non-custodial as crypto is meant to be. [We are never in custody of your funds.](/about-us/your-te-portfolio)

We only get paid when strategies make profitable trades. Our business model is in a category similar to providing liquidity to a Uniswap DEX pool where the market maker(s) are never in possession of funds from others yet you can still earn a yield.

Our curated algorithms and veteran traders will do the heavy lifting so you don't have to. Similar to trading bots common on the market but with three key distinctions:

* ☕️ Cryptoassets are kept safe in non-custodial smart contracts you own
* ☕️ Strategies are crafted and supervised by veteran traders
* ☕️ No KYC necessary since we perform all trades on-chain and only the depositor can withdraw from their smart contract wallet.

Want to contribute? Get in contact with us and learn how you can [unlock lower your Profit Fees on your trades by earning ŦE Tokens](/te-token/info#get-te) from helping the TrendEspresso project.

***

Learn more:

* [Who is TrendEspresso?](/about-us/who-is-trendespresso)
* [Strategies & Fees](/about-us/strategies-and-fees)
* [TrendEspresso (ŦE) Token](https://github.com/Trendespresso-LLP/TE_Wiki/blob/main/broken-reference/README.md)
* [What is the Architecture?](/technical-info/what-is-the-architecture)
* [FAQ](/questions-and-disclaimer/faq)

***

Head on over to [https://app.trendespresso.xyz](https://app.trendespresso.xyz/) with your Web3 wallet **today** and check it out!


# Who is TrendEspresso?

TrendEspresso is based in the United Kingdom. TrendEspresso endeavours to disrupt the cryptospace by bringing fully managed, non-custodial copy trading to the blockchain. We're incredibly passionate about all things trading and constantly experiment with new ideas to improve our original, in-house strategies.

Will and Jon are both full stack developers, each with over 5 years experience in Web3 and nearly 15 years experience in Web2.

Adam has over 8 years experience profitably trading the cryptoasset market and analysing financial markets. Adam is the helmsman you want steering the ship on crypto's stormy seas.

For those who have followed the [TrendEspresso Discord](https://discord.com/invite/uUM4ehGZn4), welcome! We've built on the foundation of both [TE Affogato](https://www.tradingview.com/script/8jV2rxui-Trendespresso-Affogato/) and [The Baked Potato's Triple Confirmation trading strategy](https://discord.com/invite/jxX7ZSmNky). We're so excited to have brought our PineScript indicators and expert trading signals to the blockchain for all to use.

Let us watch the **trend** while you sit back, relax, and sip **espresso**.

## What is the plan for TrendEspresso?

Our goal is to offer three strategies that each consistently return +35% per year regardless of market conditions. Over time we hope to engage with other experienced traders to grow our strategy offerings. We will only partner with traders who have a proven track record of long-term profitability and solid risk mitigation metrics.

We are a startup with no external funding. We are seeking potential investors to help us flourish into everything we know we can be. We strive to avoid making promises we can't keep while still shooting for the stars. We want to be transparent about our current state and manage expectations accordingly. We are always grinding and dreaming.

## Roadmap

**2025:**\
☕️ Net profitability\
☕️ Bitcoin strategy\
☕️ 99% Trading Engine uptime (<4 days of downtime)\
☕️ Solidity smart contracts thoroughly audited internally via testing suite\
☕️ Launch V2 on Avalanche C-Chain

**2026:**\
☕️ Net profitability\
☕️ Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Avalanche (WAVAX) strategies\
☕️ 99.99% Trading Engine uptime (<1 hour of downtime)\
☕️ Solidity smart contracts thoroughly audited internally via testing suite\
☕️ Available on Avalanche C-Chain\
☕️ Solidity smart contracts thoroughly audited by a reputable third-party\
☕️ ŦE token listed on a CEX or DEX\
☕️ Launch V2 on Ethereum Mainnet

## Reputation

TrendEspresso is nothing without integrity, honesty, and reliability. We deeply understand the importance of maintaining a good reputation and for that reason commit to offering the highest level of security and trust. We strive to be a safe place in this mad world.

{% content-ref url="/pages/lkjqb30Nr7H1Ea6e71Ot" %}
[Contact Us](/questions-and-disclaimer/contact-us)
{% endcontent-ref %}


# What's your business model?

## What's your business model?

TrendEspresso generates income through [fees paid automatically](#fees-agreement) from each user's smart contract wallet. Our fee structure is easy to understand and automatically collected at the conclusion of each trade:

☕️ [25% Profit Fee](#user-content-fn-1)[^1]\
☕️ [£1 Per Month Gas Fee](#user-content-fn-2)[^2]

## Can I reduce the Profit Fee?

Absolutely! Deposit 10,000 ŦE or more to unlock lower Profit Fees on your trades. For every Ŧ10,000 on deposit you will receive a 1% reduction in profit shared (starting at Ŧ10,000 with a maximum 64% reduction for a minimum profit fee of 10%).

Reducing your Profit Fee percentage by depositing more than Ŧ10,000 *will apply to all strategies you've joined!*

Obtain ŦE Tokens by contributing to the TrendEspresso project. [Contact us to learn more](/te-token/info#get-te) how you can help!

## Strategies

TrendEspresso and 8-year crypto analyst and master trader Adam Hesketh (The Baked Potato) are close colleagues. Together they will oversee the initial strategy offerings.

Our first three strategies are:

1. The Baked Potato's Triple Confirmation Strategy (BTC-USD)
2. Bitcoin Swing using TrendEspresso TradingView indicators (BTC-USD)
3. Bitcoin Macro

Over time we will seek to onboard additional veteran traders and to offer more strategy pairs. The two most likely candidates for the latter are ETH-USD and AVAX-USD.

Decide how to allocate your USDC or let your AI do it for you across the strategies.

***

## Fees Agreement

TrendEspresso fees are agreed by the user when they deploy their own TrendEspresso smart contract wallet. By using their TrendEspresso smart contract wallet to interact with TrendEspresso strategies each user accepts the requirement to pay TrendEspresso fees. Users who use their TrendEspresso smart contract wallet but do not interact with TrendEspresso strategies have no fees to pay.

[^1]: We only get paid if you are profitable

[^2]: Pays for your gas used, about £0.04 per swap; works out to about £1 per month


# Your TE Portfolio

## You're always in control

Our smart contract system is different from anything the world has seen before. When you join a strategy, you deploy a smart contract for your exclusive use. Each smart contract has a hardcoded `OWNER` established on deployment and this `OWNER` is your external wallet. The `OWNER` of your smart contract(s) is you. All funds in a given smart contract can only be transferred to or from the smart contract's `OWNER`.

{% hint style="success" %}
Think of your smart contract like an extension of your wallet with the added functionality of being able to copy trades posted to Trendespresso.
{% endhint %}

## Gas costs

Each user has their funds completely segregated from all other users since each user owns their own smart contract wallet.

This comes with two massive benefits:

* Our security and financial accuracy is far superior, and
* Users can access any amount of their balance at any time with immediate effect.

## Hardcoded Tokens

The `asset` and `cash` tokens of each strategy are hardcoded. If you join a Bitcoin-US Dollar strategy which employs the BTC.b and USDC tokens, you can be sure that all trades will be exclusively between BTC.b and USDC. Your trust is extremely important to us. We take your authorisation of trading *only* a specific trading pair very seriously. As a result, our smart contract code makes sure that if you authorise us to trade BTC we can't ever instead trade another asset such as ETH or AVAX; for those you'd need to join a new strategy with a different trade pairing.


# Business Plan 2026

{% embed url="<https://www.canva.com/design/DAHChP1fXqk/-2kkMfd1TT9LbTV3kl1S8Q/edit?utm_campaign=designshare&utm_content=DAHChP1fXqk&utm_medium=link2&utm_source=sharebutton>" %}

[**Business Plan '26-'28 link**](https://www.canva.com/design/DAHChP1fXqk/-2kkMfd1TT9LbTV3kl1S8Q/edit?utm_content=DAHChP1fXqk\&utm_campaign=designshare\&utm_medium=link2\&utm_source=sharebutton)

{% file src="/files/kW3sFu3zPuasR8NFFjCC" %}

***

#### Older Business Plans

[**Business Plan '25 link**](https://www.canva.com/design/DAGZ9VhWVBM/JqkSl6xGnzJjo3XcAv9HDQ/edit?utm_content=DAGZ9VhWVBM\&utm_campaign=designshare\&utm_medium=link2\&utm_source=sharebutton)

{% file src="/files/O6ZTP6YYpE1d0VtQXzrP" %}


# BTC: Triple Confirmation Swing

<figure><img src="https://2521336890-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FFbZJohtEKsCWqJfnM9Ev%2Fuploads%2F6zh1WwG8anVjOUD7d7mr%2FScreenshot%202024-06-15%20at%2018.39.42.png?alt=media&amp;token=b3ef1b8d-e1c4-42f8-906c-224b713bc5b1" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

<table data-column-title-hidden data-view="cards" data-full-width="false"><thead><tr><th></th><th></th><th data-hidden></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Cash Token</strong></td><td><a href="https://avascan.info/blockchain/c/token/0xB97EF9Ef8734C71904D8002F8b6Bc66Dd9c48a6E">USDC</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Trader Type</strong></td><td>Human</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Category</strong></td><td>Swing</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Asset Token</strong></td><td><a href="https://avascan.info/blockchain/c/token/0x152b9d0FdC40C096757F570A51E494bd4b943E50">BTC.b</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Supervisor</strong></td><td>The Baked Potato</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Est. Trade Duration</strong></td><td>7 days</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

Invented by The Baked Potato, the Triple Confirmation Strategy follows the momentum of the market in three easy-to-read indicators: Wolfpack MACD, Market Liberator B waves, and Potato's own in-house signal generator.

Built with manual trading in mind, The Baked Potato has carefully crafted his strategy to identify shifting trends early and capture entries at the optimal time.

The Triple Confirmation Strategy can be learned and employed by anyone. Or you can sit back, relax, and sip espresso while the master himself supervises the trades!

<details>

<summary>Category</summary>

<img src="https://2521336890-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FFbZJohtEKsCWqJfnM9Ev%2Fuploads%2FMIDhzLp4vx8sKIRHBXeS%2Ftrendbiasedmeanreversion.png?alt=media&amp;token=eeb72dc2-7535-44f9-b37b-c293d7b7658c" alt="" data-size="original">

This strategy falls into the [Trend Following](https://www.quantifiedstrategies.com/mean-reversion-vs-trend-following/) category of strategies and can best be described as a [Trend-Biased Mean Reversion](https://tradersbulletin.co.uk/combining-trend-following-and-mean-reversion/) strategy with occasional [hedging](https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/derivatives/hedging/) since both Long and Short positions may be simulatenously open.

Partial entries to average into the money and partial exits after signs of trend exhaustian are common with this strategy. This is a Swing strategy. Whilst Scalp strategies put emphasis on maintaining a high win percentage in exchange for lower profit per trade, Swing strategies focus on maximising the profit per trade at the expense of having a lower win percentage. [Read more about strategy categories.](https://tradethatswing.com/win-rate-risk-reward-and-finding-the-profitable-balance/)

</details>

<details>

<summary>Risk</summary>

Whilst The Baked Potato has a proven track record, past performance is not a guarantee of future results. The Baked Potato takes risk management seriously and will endeavour his best efforts to minimise the loss of capital.

As always, **do not deposit more than you are willing to lose!**

Trendespresso is an on-chain, non-custodial copy trading platform. The Baked Potato ultimately decides all trades for this strategy and thus has full discretion about the trades to make, the ones to cut, and all risk management. All strategy decisions are at The Baked Potato's discretion.

By engaging with our trading service(s), you agree that both Trendespresso LLP and The Baked Potato shall have no liability. Your engagement with our trading service(s) may potentially carry real financial risk. You agree that the risk(s) of participation have been made clear to you. We emphatically encourage you to seek financial advice before engaging with cryptoassets.

</details>


# BTC: TrendEspresso Affogato Swing

<figure><img src="https://2521336890-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FFbZJohtEKsCWqJfnM9Ev%2Fuploads%2FJr9NLRvspidHVeQK6I0L%2FScreenshot%202024-06-15%20at%2021.02.09.png?alt=media&amp;token=0f946880-becb-453d-9640-3c0683ebd16a" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

<table data-column-title-hidden data-view="cards" data-full-width="false"><thead><tr><th></th><th></th><th data-hidden></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Cash Token</strong></td><td><a href="https://avascan.info/blockchain/c/token/0xB97EF9Ef8734C71904D8002F8b6Bc66Dd9c48a6E">USDC</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Trader Type</strong></td><td>Automated</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Category</strong></td><td>Swing</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Asset Token</strong></td><td><a href="https://avascan.info/blockchain/c/token/0x152b9d0FdC40C096757F570A51E494bd4b943E50">BTC.b</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Supervisor</strong></td><td>Trendespresso</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Est. Trade Duration</strong></td><td>20-30 days</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

Invented by Trendespresso, the Affogato indicator follows a guided set of rules to generate automated signals:

* Start with two Supertrends for basic directional determination
* Filter out the noise with Volatility and Volume thresholds
* Sort out only the strongest signals with moving average analysis
* Exit trades partially or fully when Take Profit or Stop Loss levels are hit

Our in-house signal generator is a game-changer and cannot be found anywhere else. Anyone can gain access to the underlying indicator by [contacting us on Discord](https://discord.com/invite/uUM4ehGZn4) or via email at <contact@trendespresso.com>

Built with automated trading in mind, Trendespresso has carefully crafted this strategy to identify trends after initial confirmation and maintain an optimistic outlook to prevent being "wicked out" of the trade. When other automated signal generators flip back and forth aimlessly, Affogato waits for the perfect time to strike, makes its move, then patiently waits for the best exit.

Trendespresso Affogato can be learned, setup, and employed by anyone. Or you can sit back, relax, and sip espresso while we supervise trades made by [the world's most advanced TradingView indicator!](https://www.tradingview.com/script/8jV2rxui-Trendespresso-Affogato/)

<details>

<summary>Category</summary>

<img src="https://2521336890-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FFbZJohtEKsCWqJfnM9Ev%2Fuploads%2FzM0IEZZ9EyedVL3qS7mX%2FTrend-Following-Stocks-1024x547-1569690357.png?alt=media&amp;token=d71713e4-3c55-471a-aa1a-74fd3655f6ca" alt="" data-size="original">

This strategy falls squarely into the [Trend Following](https://www.quantifiedstrategies.com/mean-reversion-vs-trend-following/) category of strategies. Emphasis is put on [waiting for a clear trend](https://howtotrade.com/trading-strategies/trend-trading/) before making any decision. A downside of this ideology is a worse entry price (in hindsight!) but an upside is greater per trade profitability and around-the-clock trade execution due to the automated nature of this strategy.

≥50% entries and ≥50% exits are expected with this strategy. This is a Swing strategy. Whilst Scalp strategies put emphasis on maintaining a high win percentage in exchange for lower profit per trade, Swing strategies focus on maximising the profit per trade at the expense of having a lower win percentage. [Read more about strategy categories.](https://tradethatswing.com/win-rate-risk-reward-and-finding-the-profitable-balance/)

</details>

<details>

<summary>Risk</summary>

Whilst the Trendespresso Affogato indiciator has been in continuous refinement for over three years and has repeatedly returned profitable backtests, past performance is not a guarantee of future results. Trendespresso takes risk management seriously and will endeavour to the best of their ability to minimise the loss of capital.

As always, **do not deposit more than you are willing to lose!**

Trendespresso is an on-chain, non-custodial copy trading platform. Trendespresso ultimately decides all trades for this strategy and thus has full discretion about the trades to make, the ones to cut, and all risk management. All strategy parameters are at Trendespresso's discretion with reliance on the automated Trendespresso Affogato indiciator hosted on TradingView for signal generation.

By engaging with our trading service(s), you agree that Trendespresso LLP shall have no liability. Your engagement with our trading service(s) may potentially carry real financial risk. You agree that the risk(s) of participation have been made clear to you. We emphatically encourage you to seek financial advice before engaging with cryptoassets.

</details>


# BTC: TrendEspresso Swing

<figure><img src="https://2521336890-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FFbZJohtEKsCWqJfnM9Ev%2Fuploads%2FZ8xl9GC8wW85ian2CMnF%2FScreenshot%202024-06-15%20at%2021.00.32.png?alt=media&amp;token=5480eab0-b322-4aa2-9e8e-7a8fe5329a39" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

<table data-column-title-hidden data-view="cards" data-full-width="false"><thead><tr><th></th><th></th><th data-hidden></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Cash Token</strong></td><td><a href="https://avascan.info/blockchain/c/token/0xB97EF9Ef8734C71904D8002F8b6Bc66Dd9c48a6E">USDC</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Trader Type</strong></td><td>Human</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Category</strong></td><td>Swing</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Asset Token</strong></td><td><a href="https://avascan.info/blockchain/c/token/0x152b9d0FdC40C096757F570A51E494bd4b943E50">BTC.b</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Supervisor</strong></td><td>Will from Trendespresso</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Est. Trade Duration</strong></td><td>20-30 days</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

Using a confluence of indicators and metrics, Trendespresso can follow the trend for you with this human-traded Bitcoin swing strategy.

Similar to the TE Affogato strategy but with full human intervention and outside information analysis. The markets move for a variety of reasons but the charts never lie. Whilst computers alone cannot analyse all outside information, Trendespresso can.

Meet the best of both worlds: Automated signal generation meets human filtering. ☕️

<details>

<summary>Category</summary>

<img src="https://2521336890-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FFbZJohtEKsCWqJfnM9Ev%2Fuploads%2FMIDhzLp4vx8sKIRHBXeS%2Ftrendbiasedmeanreversion.png?alt=media&amp;token=eeb72dc2-7535-44f9-b37b-c293d7b7658c" alt="" data-size="original">

This strategy falls into the [Trend Following](https://www.quantifiedstrategies.com/mean-reversion-vs-trend-following/) category of strategies and can best be described as a [Trend-Biased Mean Reversion](https://tradersbulletin.co.uk/combining-trend-following-and-mean-reversion/) strategy with emphasis on optimising the entry price.

Partial entries to average into the money and aggressive take profit partial exits are common with this strategy. This is a Swing strategy. Whilst Scalp strategies put emphasis on maintaining a high win percentage in exchange for lower profit per trade, Swing strategies focus on maximising the profit per trade at the expense of having a lower win percentage. [Read more about strategy categories.](https://tradethatswing.com/win-rate-risk-reward-and-finding-the-profitable-balance/)

</details>

<details>

<summary>Risk</summary>

Whilst Will has been continuously trading for over three years with many profitable trades, past performance is not a guarantee of future results. Will takes risk management seriously and will endeavour to the best of his ability to minimise the loss of capital.

As always, **do not deposit more than you are willing to lose!**

Trendespresso is an on-chain, non-custodial copy trading platform. Will ultimately decides all trades for this strategy and thus has full discretion about the trades to make, the ones to cut, and all risk management. All strategy decisions are at Will's discretion with reliance on multiple tools and indicators to compile a holistic market view.

By engaging with our trading service(s), you agree that both Trendespresso LLP and Will Baker shall have no liability. Your engagement with our trading service(s) may potentially carry real financial risk. You agree that the risk(s) of participation have been made clear to you. We emphatically encourage you to seek financial advice before engaging with cryptoassets.

</details>


# BTC: TrendEspresso Macro

<figure><img src="https://2521336890-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FFbZJohtEKsCWqJfnM9Ev%2Fuploads%2FuQDGKTPRlhc8xSDrvCsX%2FScreenshot%202024-06-15%20at%2020.50.04.png?alt=media&amp;token=bd1bb4bd-dea4-4d16-aab9-ef15f81da878" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

<table data-column-title-hidden data-view="cards" data-full-width="false"><thead><tr><th></th><th></th><th data-hidden></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Cash Token</strong></td><td><a href="https://avascan.info/blockchain/c/token/0xB97EF9Ef8734C71904D8002F8b6Bc66Dd9c48a6E">USDC</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Trader Type</strong></td><td>Human</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Category</strong></td><td>Macro</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Asset Token</strong></td><td><a href="https://avascan.info/blockchain/c/token/0x152b9d0FdC40C096757F570A51E494bd4b943E50">BTC.b</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Supervisor</strong></td><td>Will from Trendespresso</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Est. Trade Duration</strong></td><td>90+ days</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

Crypto-interested but don't want to risk it?

Let our macro strategy get you the [best risk-adjusted returns.\*](#user-content-fn-1)[^1]

Others will chase massive gains and may well wind up with massive losses. Preserve your capital with patient deployment and maximise your chances at profitability. Our macro strategies all follow the larger market trend and can easily last months.

If you join a macro strategy using Pooled mode, we will attempt to cycle trades quarterly to ensure deposits and withdrawals can be processed multiple times intra-year. As a reminder, Individual mode always allows for immediate deposits and immediate withdrawals.

Whereas our Swing strategies carry with them more risk due to:

* Shuffling between Long and Short positions
* Potentially picking the incorrect trend direction
* Their predisposition toward "timing the market" rather than "time in the market"

Macro strategies are a much more secure way to gain exposure to cryptoassets and ride the rocket 🚀

Our macro strategies average out of a Short position and into a Long position at the bottom fo the market then repeat the inverse at the top of the market by slowing closing their Long position and opening a Short position. Supervised with the [four year cycle](https://www.etoro.com/crypto/bitcoin-four-year-cycle/) in mind ([or is it shortening?](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mooXO-U2nno)), we examine the market in the big picture (i.e. [Pi Cycle Top](https://www.coinglass.com/pro/i/pi-cycle-top-indicator), [Ben Cowen's Risk Metric](https://intothecryptoverse.com/), [Bitcoin Rainbow](https://www.blockchaincenter.net/en/bitcoin-rainbow-chart/), [MVRV Z-Score](https://www.lookintobitcoin.com/charts/mvrv-zscore/), [The Fed's baserate](https://www.investing.com/central-banks/fed-rate-monitor), [CPI data](https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/inflationandpriceindices), etc) to keep on top of the overall trend.

As part of our macro strategies, we examine [Trendespresso Affogato's](https://www.tradingview.com/script/8jV2rxui-Trendespresso-Affogato/) signals on the daily and weekly timeframes so you can sit back, relax, and sip espresso while we ensure you get the best risk-adjusted returns in crypto.

<details>

<summary>Category</summary>

<img src="https://2521336890-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FFbZJohtEKsCWqJfnM9Ev%2Fuploads%2FGfDym5AN2Zldx3ER0r7E%2FBTC%20Macro%201.png?alt=media&amp;token=ae15aec3-86bf-4cc5-a4aa-c5bef13d6143" alt="" data-size="original">

This strategy falls into the [Trend Following](https://www.quantifiedstrategies.com/mean-reversion-vs-trend-following/) category of strategies and can best be described as a [Time-Based Trend-Biased Mean Reversion](https://theforexgeek.com/time-based-trading/) strategy with emphasis on partial orders.

Partial entries and partial exits each over an extended period of time to average into the money at opposite ends of the market cycle are key to this strategy. This is a Macro strategy and is heavily focused on patient time-based trading. Emphasis is placed on performing no activity 60% of the time (simply holding the open position) and letting the market take the work out of trading. Average into a Long position at the bottom, then average into a Short position at the top. [Read more about strategy categories.](https://tradethatswing.com/win-rate-risk-reward-and-finding-the-profitable-balance/)

</details>

<details>

<summary>Risk</summary>

Whilst Trendespresso and its trading partners have an array of expert trading experience, past performance is not a guarantee of future results. Trendespresso takes risk management seriously and will endeavour to the best of their ability to minimise the loss of capital.

As always, **do not deposit more than you are willing to lose!**

Trendespresso is an on-chain, non-custodial copy trading platform. Trendespresso ultimately decides all trades for this strategy and thus has full discretion about the trades to make, the ones to cut, and all risk management. All strategy decisions are at Trendespresso's discretion with reliance on multiple tools and indicators to compile a holistic market view.

By engaging with our trading service(s), you agree that both Trendespresso LLP and its expert traders shall have no liability. Your engagement with our trading service(s) may potentially carry real financial risk. You agree that the risk(s) of participation have been made clear to you. We emphatically encourage you to seek financial advice before engaging with cryptoassets.

</details>

[^1]: Not financial advice nor any financial guarantee. Subjective criteria applicable.


# AVAX: TrendEspresso Macro

<figure><img src="https://2521336890-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FFbZJohtEKsCWqJfnM9Ev%2Fuploads%2FnSi6N6EM7yvcs8rNBVTp%2FScreenshot%202024-06-15%20at%2020.48.37.png?alt=media&amp;token=6bbaf7b2-0a35-4c17-b656-0115261c0b50" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

<table data-column-title-hidden data-view="cards" data-full-width="false"><thead><tr><th></th><th></th><th data-hidden></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Cash Token</strong></td><td><a href="https://avascan.info/blockchain/c/token/0xB97EF9Ef8734C71904D8002F8b6Bc66Dd9c48a6E">USDC</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Trader Type</strong></td><td>Human</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Category</strong></td><td>Macro</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Asset Token</strong></td><td><a href="https://avascan.info/blockchain/c/token/0xB31f66AA3C1e785363F0875A1B74E27b85FD66c7">WAVAX</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Supervisor</strong></td><td>Will from Trendespresso</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Est. Trade Duration</strong></td><td>90+ days</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

Crypto-interested but don't want to risk it?

Let our macro strategy get you the [best risk-adjusted returns.\*](#user-content-fn-1)[^1]

Others will chase massive gains and may well wind up with massive losses. Preserve your capital with patient deployment and maximise your chances at profitability. Our macro strategies all follow the larger market trend and can easily last months.

If you join a macro strategy using Pooled mode, we will attempt to cycle trades quarterly to ensure deposits and withdrawals can be processed multiple times intra-year. As a reminder, Individual mode always allows for immediate deposits and immediate withdrawals.

Whereas our Swing strategies carry with them more risk due to:

* Shuffling between Long and Short positions
* Potentially picking the incorrect trend direction
* Their predisposition toward "timing the market" rather than "time in the market"

Macro strategies are a much more secure way to gain exposure to cryptoassets and ride the rocket 🚀

Our macro strategies average out of a Short position and into a Long position at the bottom fo the market then repeat the inverse at the top of the market by slowing closing their Long position and opening a Short position. Supervised with the [four year cycle](https://www.etoro.com/crypto/bitcoin-four-year-cycle/) in mind ([or is it shortening?](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mooXO-U2nno)), we examine the market in the big picture (i.e. [Pi Cycle Top](https://www.coinglass.com/pro/i/pi-cycle-top-indicator), [Ben Cowen's Risk Metric](https://intothecryptoverse.com/), [Bitcoin Rainbow](https://www.blockchaincenter.net/en/bitcoin-rainbow-chart/), [MVRV Z-Score](https://www.lookintobitcoin.com/charts/mvrv-zscore/), [The Fed's baserate](https://www.investing.com/central-banks/fed-rate-monitor), [CPI data](https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/inflationandpriceindices), etc) to keep on top of the overall trend.

As part of our macro strategies, we examine [Trendespresso Affogato's](https://www.tradingview.com/script/8jV2rxui-Trendespresso-Affogato/) signals on the daily and weekly timeframes so you can sit back, relax, and sip espresso while we ensure you get the best risk-adjusted returns in crypto.

{% embed url="<https://www.tradingview.com/symbols/AVAXBTC/>" %}
The BTC pairing is important to examine for any altcoin strategy.
{% endembed %}

<details>

<summary>Category</summary>

<img src="https://2521336890-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FFbZJohtEKsCWqJfnM9Ev%2Fuploads%2FGfDym5AN2Zldx3ER0r7E%2FBTC%20Macro%201.png?alt=media&amp;token=ae15aec3-86bf-4cc5-a4aa-c5bef13d6143" alt="" data-size="original">

This strategy falls into the [Trend Following](https://www.quantifiedstrategies.com/mean-reversion-vs-trend-following/) category of strategies and can best be described as a [Time-Based Trend-Biased Mean Reversion](https://theforexgeek.com/time-based-trading/) strategy with emphasis on partial orders.

Partial entries and partial exits each over an extended period of time to average into the money at opposite ends of the market cycle are key to this strategy. This is a Macro strategy and is heavily focused on patient time-based trading. Emphasis is placed on performing no activity 60% of the time (simply holding the open position) and letting the market take the work out of trading. Average into a Long position at the bottom, then average into a Short position at the top. Close attention is given to the AVAXBTC pair. [Read more about strategy categories.](https://tradethatswing.com/win-rate-risk-reward-and-finding-the-profitable-balance/)

</details>

<details>

<summary>Risk</summary>

Whilst Trendespresso and its trading partners have an array of expert trading experience, past performance is not a guarantee of future results. Trendespresso takes risk management seriously and will endeavour to the best of their ability to minimise the loss of capital.

As always, **do not deposit more than you are willing to lose!**

Trendespresso is an on-chain, non-custodial copy trading platform. Trendespresso ultimately decides all trades for this strategy and thus has full discretion about the trades to make, the ones to cut, and all risk management. All strategy decisions are at Trendespresso's discretion with reliance on multiple tools and indicators to compile a holistic market view.

By engaging with our trading service(s), you agree that both Trendespresso LLP and its expert traders shall have no liability. Your engagement with our trading service(s) may potentially carry real financial risk. You agree that the risk(s) of participation have been made clear to you. We emphatically encourage you to seek financial advice before engaging with cryptoassets.

</details>

[^1]: Not financial advice nor any financial guarantee. Subjective criteria applicable.


# TrendEspresso Token (ŦE)

{% hint style="success" %}
Deposit 10,000 ŦE or more to unlock lower Profit Fees on your trades.
{% endhint %}

## Get ŦE

ŦE tokens can be obtained by early adopters and close partners who contribute to the Trendespresso project.

**Contact us on** [**Discord**](https://discord.com/invite/uUM4ehGZn4)**,** [**Telegram**](https://t.me/trendespresso_official)**, or via** [**hello@trendespresso.xyz**](mailto:hello@trendespresso.xyz) **to discuss.**

[Reduce your Profit Fee](/about-us/strategies-and-fees#can-i-reduce-the-profit-fee) by depositing 10,000 ŦE or more into your Trendespresso smart contract wallet.

## Tokenomics

[ŦE token](https://avascan.info/blockchain/c/token/0x77171464ae48a2C96B3b7E513e9EEc5843207E7E) has a fixed supply of 100,000,000.

{% embed url="<https://avascan.info/blockchain/c/token/0x77171464ae48a2C96B3b7E513e9EEc5843207E7E>" fullWidth="false" %}
0x77171464ae48a2C96B3b7E513e9EEc5843207E7E
{% endembed %}

Approximately 2% of the supply has been earned by early adopters.

The remaining supply is ineligible for purchase to ensure we have a sufficient number of tokens for future endeavours such as guaranteeing sufficient liquidity for any CEX or DEX listing(s) and establishing partnerships with third-party market makers.

No specific supply of ŦE is dedicated to the team, development work, marketing, or incentives. Rather than breaking down the percentages with hard commitments now, we're electing to focus on making a great product. Many market makers desire to have a say in guiding and refining tokenomics. Taking their thoughts, concerns, vision, market analysis, and professional advice to heart will put us in the strongest position to get ŦE token listed on a secondary market. Best practices will set us up for success.

<details>

<summary>Add ŦE Token to MetaMask (or any Web3 wallet)</summary>

<img src="https://2521336890-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FFbZJohtEKsCWqJfnM9Ev%2Fuploads%2FddLHPfjecTcFvqn1k858%2FAdd_token_to_Web3_wallet.png?alt=media&amp;token=e0566085-5010-4c7a-8791-7ea3563d583e" alt="" data-size="original">

* [Go to Avascan](https://avascan.info/blockchain/c/token/0x77171464ae48a2C96B3b7E513e9EEc5843207E7E)
* Click the three vertical dots . . . next to "Report on chainabuse"
* Press the "Add token to Web3 wallet" button
* Open MetaMask (or your Web3 wallet of choice) and verify ŦE token has been added to your list of tokens in your wallet!

</details>

## Future Liquidity Pool

Our projections reveal a necessary raise of over £500,000 before we can engage with an experienced market maker to list ŦE token on a secondary market. Regardless of ŦE token's trade-ability or liquidity, we are here for the long run. The sustainability of our service is not reliant on ŦE token and users can freely engage with Trendespresso copy trading without ŦE token.

{% hint style="warning" %}
ŦE token has no official secondary market and cannot be sold.\
No liquidity pool currently exists.
{% endhint %}

We are working with industry specialists with an eye toward creating a liquidity pool or other third-party secondary market for ŦE token. As a utility token, anyone in the world may make a ŦE liquidity pool.

### Disclaimer

ŦE token is not meant as an investment. ŦE token has no public market value and is a [Utility Token](https://www.fca.org.uk/publication/policy/ps19-22.pdf) per [UK FCA guidance](https://blog.coincapital.com/uk-fca-crypto-utility-tokens/). ŦE token is only intended to grant the holder(s) benefit(s) within the system of service(s) offered by Trendespresso LLP and may not grant such benefit(s) in the future.

ŦE token does not grant the holder(s) any ownership, income right(s), or other right(s) in relation to Trendespresso LLP. ŦE token does not have any legal monetary backing, is not an instrument of investment, and has no exchange value, whether implied or guaranteed, into any national currency (fiat).


# What is the Architecture?

We employ other well-regarded on-chain projects to offer non-custodial copy trading directly on the blockchain. We use a variety of liquidity providers and aggregators such as WooFi, Odos, 0x, and TraderJoeXYZ to access the largest pool of on-chain liquidity possible thereby obtaining the best price. We use AAVE to collateralise USDC and to borrow the `asset` token – such as BTC.b – of a given strategy.

When joining a strategy, your Portfolio.sol will deploy a unique Account.sol smart contract belonging only to you. 100% of the funds in all these smart contracts are under your sole ownership, less any profit fee automatically collected on trade exit.

Whilst all funds are held on-chain in single-ownership smart contracts, a centralised trading wallet is required to execute the trades. Even in the world of DeFi, occasionally centralisation is necessary. Like a brilliant barista, Trendespresso offers the perfect blend: Combining the best aspects of blockchain with the best aspects of cloud computing. Our centralised trading wallets submit trades to the blockchain, trading the smart contracts owned by each of our users.

In the beginning these gas costs will represent a significant financial burden. For that reason, we are kindly requesting for anyone with the means to donate AVAX to our trading wallet to help fund the initial costs of performing trades on-chain ([`0x77EE460D82F59DB58335D55b35357A123F45c2d1`](https://snowscan.xyz/address/0x77EE460D82F59DB58335D55b35357A123F45c2d1)). All AVAX sent to this trading wallet will be used strictly to pay for the gas costs of executing trades on-chain; none will be used otherwise. We will stake our [reputation](/about-us/who-is-trendespresso#reputation) on clear communication and using funds only as appropriated.


# Ecosystem Partners

## Avalanche

➡️ <https://www.avax.network/>\
\
Avalanche (AVAX) is a cryptocurrency and blockchain platform that rivals Ethereum and is known for its speed and scalability. Avalanche's Smart Contracts platform supports both decentralised applications and autonomous blockchains.

<figure><img src="https://2521336890-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FFbZJohtEKsCWqJfnM9Ev%2Fuploads%2FdbMYd6KmzSmUozCg8mjO%2FAVAX_Logo.png?alt=media&amp;token=ae428119-a1de-48eb-8676-61982cd391c6" alt=""><figcaption><p>Source: <a href="https://medium.datadriveninvestor.com/is-avalanche-avax-a-good-crypto-project-229e4770ba55">https://medium.datadriveninvestor.com/is-avalanche-avax-a-good-crypto-project-229e4770ba55</a></p></figcaption></figure>

<details>

<summary>What is Avalanche?</summary>

Avalanche (AVAX) is a cryptocurrency and blockchain platform that rivals Ethereum. AVAX is the native token of the Avalanche blockchain, which—like Ethereum—uses smart contracts to support various blockchain projects. The Avalanche blockchain can provide near-instant transaction finality. AVAX is used to pay transaction processing fees, secure the Avalanche network, and act as a basic unit of account among blockchains in the Avalanche network. The Avalanche blockchain reportedly can process 4,500 transactions per second. Launched in 2020, Avalanche aims to be fast, versatile, secure, affordable, and accessible. Also, Avalanche is an open-source project, meaning anyone can view and contribute to the platform's code.&#x20;

</details>

<details>

<summary>Understanding Avalanche</summary>

Avalanche's Smart Contracts platform supports decentralized applications (dApps) and autonomous blockchains. Here are some features that make Avalanche unique:

* **Coin creation rate**: The maximum supply of AVAX is capped at 720 million tokens, but AVAX users govern how fast new coins are minted. AVAX holders can control the rate of new coin creation by voting to adjust the amount of AVAX paid as a reward for adding a new block to the Avalanche blockchain.
* **Transaction fee structure**: Transaction processing costs vary depending on the type of transaction and Avalanche's network congestion. All fees are burned—removed from circulation—to enable AVAX to become scarcer over time. Avalanche users vote to decide the Avalanche transaction fee, making AVAX fees subject to change.
* **Consensus mechanism**: Transactions on the Avalanche blockchain are confirmed using a unique method that requires many small, random subsets of network participants to verify transactions before the transactions are finalized.
* **Participation incentives**: High uptime and fast response times can boost the amount of AVAX rewards that a network participant can earn for processing AVAX transactions.

Avalanche is generally governed by the proof-of-stake mechanism. AVAX holders are required to stake—agree not to trade or sell—AVAX in exchange for the right to validate AVAX transactions. AVAX holders with the most staked and actively participated as validators are the most likely to be chosen for new Avalanche blocks. Holding AVAX tokens is also required to vote on Avalanche governance proposals.

</details>

<details>

<summary>Is the Avalanche Blockchain safe?</summary>

Avalanche can be considered secure because of the randomized nature of its consensus mechanism. Avalanche claims its platform supports more robust safety measures that make the blockchain less vulnerable to 51% attacks than other blockchains.

</details>

<details>

<summary>Third-party risk to Trendespresso</summary>

<img src="https://2521336890-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FFbZJohtEKsCWqJfnM9Ev%2Fuploads%2FcUyNKELQtXUp0183IFzT%2FOne%20Exclaimation.png?alt=media&amp;token=3321c66e-d0c2-4c27-a45c-68c84d3f463a" alt="" data-size="line">Lowest risk.

A hack on one of its bridges is the most likely threat to Avalanche's survivability. A bridge attack has no effect on the bot's operation unless a [token we use](https://www.circle.com/en/transparency) depegs or is otherwise compromised. The Avalanche blockchain itself can never go down, as anyone can run an Avalanche Validator.

Since we use Circle's native USDC token and not the one bridged from Ethereum known as USDC.e our risk of depegging is much reduced.

Furthermore, **we can easily migrate or expand to any EVM blockchain** since our entire smart contract ecosystem is EVM compatible.

</details>

## 0x

➡️ <https://www.0x.org/>\
\
0x is an open-source, decentralised exchange infrastructure that enables the exchange of tokenised assets on multiple blockchains.

<figure><img src="https://2521336890-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FFbZJohtEKsCWqJfnM9Ev%2Fuploads%2FA43Ux4WhZeC9MRwiNNx5%2F0x_Logo.png?alt=media&amp;token=3b063b33-895f-44ea-8368-f6a5b884c562" alt=""><figcaption><p>Source: <a href="https://coincentral.com/0x-beginner-guide/">https://coincentral.com/0x-beginner-guide/</a></p></figcaption></figure>

<details>

<summary>What is 0x?</summary>

0x is a decentralized exchange for trading ERC-20 tokens. It is among the most high-profile examples of decentralized cryptocurrency exchanges. Buyers and sellers are connected directly in this form of trading.

</details>

<details>

<summary>Understanding 0x</summary>

0x is a peer-to-peer exchange of Ethereum-based tokens. It is often referred to as a decentralized exchange. 0x uses common Smart Contracts over a shared infrastructure. Its technology combines two strategies—state channels and automated market makers (AMMs)—that have already been suggested to overcome these problems.  0x often refers to its solution as the “Craigslist for cryptocurrencies,” in that any developer can build their cryptocurrency exchange and post it online. 0x's own Ethereum token (ZRX) is used to pay trading fees to relayers, which are used to connect makers with takers.

</details>

<details>

<summary>History of 0x</summary>

Will Warren and Amir Bandeali co-founded 0x in October 2016. Their initial intention was to provide a standard method of trading for any Ethereum token on the blockchain. Their vision was a world where each asset, from fiat currencies and stocks to gold and digital gaming items, could be represented as a token on the Ethereum blockchain. The two quickly recognized the large usability gap and instead turned the project into a decentralized exchange. 0x raised $24 million in an initial coin offering (ICO) for its ZRX token. With this new protocol, decentralized exchanges improved dramatically in terms of usability. That's because 0x allowed Ethereum tokens to be exchanged over *any* decentralized exchange using the protocol. Since its inception, several decentralized exchanges have been built on top of 0x, including Nuo, Zerion, DeFi Saver, and Radar Relay.

</details>

<details>

<summary>Concerns about 0x</summary>

The biggest concern about 0x's long-term sustainability is its intense competition from other functional decentralized exchanges. Additionally, 0x doesn't interact with fiat currency, meaning users must own Ethereum to use the exchange. Moreover, 0x faces many of the same criticisms common to decentralized exchanges, including inconsistent liquidity and slow transaction times relative to a centralized business.

</details>

<details>

<summary>Future of 0x</summary>

The 0x protocol is one of the most widely-used decentralized protocols in the industry. While questions remain about its sustainability, chances are that users will only place more and more emphasis on decentralization and security going forward. Because of that, 0x provides significant long-term potential.

</details>

<details>

<summary>How is 0x different from a regular Trading Model?</summary>

Most cryptocurrency exchanges follow the established centralized trading model. In this paradigm, they are gatekeepers providing the infrastructure and acting as connecting agents to clear and facilitate trade between parties. North America’s largest cryptocurrency exchange, Coinbase, is the best example of this approach. This model requires customers to trust their funds with exchanges. While the model has worked for equity markets, an increasing number of hacks at exchanges has put its future in cryptocurrency markets under a cloud. Decentralized trading seeks to address that.

</details>

<details>

<summary>Third-party risk to Trendespresso</summary>

<img src="https://2521336890-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FFbZJohtEKsCWqJfnM9Ev%2Fuploads%2Fx1LHsVZv4lNHj3vGB1gg%2FThree%20Exclamations.png?alt=media&amp;token=1ead3010-30a4-4250-9b9c-6fff3f33fa24" alt="" data-size="line">Highest risk.

If 0x goes offline we would be unable to make swaps of large position size without incurring some loss due to slippage. Since 0x's API is necessarily fully-centralized, the 0x project could terminate at any moment. In such an event, we'd either exit its current trade using TraderJoeXYZ's liquidity pool(s) or encourage all Individual mode `OWNER`'s to call `directWithdraw()` to release any assets directly without any further swapping, thereby bypassing both 0x and TraderJoeXYZ. New instances of Trendespresso would need to be deployed incorporating a new liquidity provider in place of 0x.

</details>

{% hint style="info" %}
0x and Trendespresso are fully EVM compatible, allowing us to use 0x on the Avalanche blockchain instead of on the Ethereum blockchain.
{% endhint %}

## AAVE

➡️ <https://aave.com/>\
\
Aave is a decentralised non-custodial liquidity market protocol where users can participate as depositors or borrowers. Depositors provide liquidity to the market to earn a passive income, while borrowers can borrow in an overcollateralised (perpetually) or undercollateralised (one-block liquidity) fashion.

<figure><img src="https://2521336890-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FFbZJohtEKsCWqJfnM9Ev%2Fuploads%2F0DfFDhcEVt8eqXNHWuW3%2FAAVE_Logo.png?alt=media&amp;token=da8bbd83-c8e9-404a-9e50-f71165dbc66d" alt=""><figcaption><p>Source: <a href="https://academy.shrimpy.io/post/what-is-aave">https://academy.shrimpy.io/post/what-is-aave</a></p></figcaption></figure>

<details>

<summary>What is AAVE?</summary>

One of several emerging DeFi cryptocurrencies, Aave is a decentralized lending system that allows users to lend, borrow and earn interest on crypto assets, all without middlemen. Running on the Ethereum blockchain, Aave is a system of smart contracts that enables these assets to be managed by a distributed network of computers running its software. This means Aave users do not need to trust a particular institution or person to manage their funds. They need only trust that their code will execute as written. At its core, the Aave software enables the creation of lending pools that will allow users to lend or borrow 17 different cryptocurrencies, including ETH, BAT, and MANA.

Like other decentralized lending systems on Ethereum, Aave borrowers must post collateral before they can borrow. Further, they can only borrow up to the value of the collateral they post. Borrowers receive funds in the form of a unique token known as aToken, which is pegged to the value of another asset. This token is then encoded, so lenders receive interest on deposits. A borrower may post collateral in DAI, for example, and borrow in ETH. This allows a borrower to gain exposure to different cryptocurrencies without owning them outright. Aave can also introduce additional features, such as instant loans and other forms of issuing debt and credit, that take advantage of the unique design properties of blockchains.

</details>

<details>

<summary>How does AAVE work?</summary>

Aave is perhaps best described as a system of lending pools.

Participants deposit funds they wish to lend, which are then collected into a liquidity pool. Borrowers may then draw from those pools when they take out a loan. These tokens can be traded or transferred as a lender wishes. To facilitate this activity, Aave issues two types of tokens: aTokens, issued to lenders so they can collect interest on deposits, and AAVE tokens, which are the native token of Aave. The AAVE cryptocurrency offers holders several advantages. For instance, AAVE borrowers don’t get charged a fee if they take out loans denominated in the token. Also, borrowers who use AAVE as collateral get a discount on fees. AAVE owners can further look at loans before they are released to the general public if they pay a fee in AAVE. Borrowers who post AAVE as collateral can also borrow slightly more.

**Flash Loans**

Aave allows certain “flash loans” to be instantly issued and settled. These loans require no upfront collateral and happen almost immediately. Flash loans take advantage of a feature of all blockchains, which is that transactions are only finalized when a new bundle of transactions, known as a block, is accepted by the network. Adding each new block takes time. On Bitcoin, that interval is roughly 10 minutes. On Ethereum, it’s 13 seconds. An Aave flash loan, therefore, takes place in those 13 seconds. The flash loan works like this: A borrower can request funds from Aave, but they must pay back those funds, and a 0.09% fee, within the same block. If the borrower doesn’t do this, the entire transaction is canceled so that no funds were ever borrowed. As a result, Aave doesn’t take a risk nor the borrower. A borrower may wish to use a flash loan to take advantage of trading opportunities or maximize profits from other systems built on Ethereum. It’s possible to swap different cryptocurrencies intuitively using flash loans to generate trading profits.

</details>

<details>

<summary>Who created AAVE?</summary>

Aave is a for-profit company founded in 2017 by Stani Kulechov and based in Switzerland. Kulechov was trained in law in Helsinki and started Aave while still a student. The firm, named ETHLend initially, raised $16.2 million in an initial coin offering (ICO) in 2017, during which time it sold 1 billion units of its AAVE cryptocurrency - originally named LEND.

The LEND cryptocurrency migrated to AAVE at a rate of 100 LEND tokens to 1 AAVE, dropping the total supply of its cryptocurrency to 18 million AAVE. ETHLend was different from Aave in that, instead of pooling funds, it tried to match lenders and borrowers in a peer-to-peer fashion. In 2018 ETHLend was renamed Aave, which means “ghost” in Finnish. ETHLend became a subsidiary of Aave.

Other products and services announced then included a trading desk to handle large trades, a game studio focused on blockchain games, and a system to handle payments.

</details>

<details>

<summary>Why does AAVE have value?</summary>

AAVE plays a central role in the management of the Aave software, allowing users to vote on changes to its rules and policies to improve its software. The Aave team also launched a Safety Module (SM), where participants can stake their AAVE to act as insurance in case of a liquidity deficit. Doing so will earn stakes more AAVE tokens, along with a percentage of the protocol fees. Aside from this utility, AAVE derives value from its finite supply and the fact that it uses revenue from fees to buy AAVE and remove the cryptocurrency from circulation.

</details>

<details>

<summary>Why use AAVE?</summary>

AAVE may interest traders or investors who believe decentralized lending will continue to grow in popularity. As of July 2020, the Aave system is among the most active decentralized lending systems on Ethereum and has garnered $158 million in total deposits. Competing lending platforms include Compound and Maker, which have over $600 million in deposits. You may also want to use AAVE if you wish to have a say over the rules that govern the Aave system, voting on how fees collected from lending are distributed to AAVE token holders.

</details>

<details>

<summary>Third-party risk to Trendespresso</summary>

<img src="https://2521336890-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FFbZJohtEKsCWqJfnM9Ev%2Fuploads%2Fx1LHsVZv4lNHj3vGB1gg%2FThree%20Exclamations.png?alt=media&amp;token=1ead3010-30a4-4250-9b9c-6fff3f33fa24" alt="" data-size="line">Highest risk.

If AAVE were to become insolvent then all of our smart contract positions could potentially be at risk of liquidiation or insolvency. Should we be unable to withdraw our collateral then irreparable losses may occur. All estimated losses would be sustained in equal weight amongst all users; the **percentage** lost would be equal for each user.

If the borrowed asset is at break-even price from the time of borrowing, the estimated loss would be -20%.

If the borrowed asset fell to $0.00 (absolute zero; no liquidity anywhere), then the estimated loss would be -88%.

If the borrowed asset has appreciated +29.5% from the time of borrowing, the estimated loss would be ±0%.

In conclusion, if AAVE were to have a significant issue such as freezing their loans, collateral, or become otherwise insolvent, then Trendespresso members have a real risk of similarly realising losses.

</details>

{% hint style="warning" %}
Note: Flash loans have been combined to execute attacks on lending systems built on Ethereum, sometimes successfully stealing hundreds of thousands of dollars worth of deposits.
{% endhint %}

{% hint style="info" %}
AAVE and Trendespresso are fully EVM-compatible; this allows us to use AAVE on the Avalanche Network instead of Ethereum.
{% endhint %}

## Chainlink

➡️ <https://chain.link/>\
\
Chainlink is a decentralized network of oracles that enables smart contracts to securely interact with real-world data and services outside blockchain networks. With Chainlink, the traditional systems that currently power modern economies can connect to the emerging blockchain industry to generate more security, efficiency, and transparency in business and social processes.

Chainlink has solved what was known as the “oracle problem.” The oracle problem originates from an issue with smart contracts on blockchain networks and how they are completely isolated from the outside world. The smart contracts typically obtain their external data from “Oracles” (data points, APIs) – where the problem lies. Smart contracts are only as “smart” as the information delivered to them by the oracles. If a smart contract is provided with malicious code or inaccurate data, the contract will still process it anyway because it is just code – and what comes out would be unpredictable, wrong, or worse.

Chainlink completely solved the oracle problem when the team discovered how to retrieve and share information from oracles without putting the security of the blockchain the smart contracts are running on at risk.

This was done by creating a decentralised network that acts as a bridge between the oracles and the smart contracts. This system is built from a nexus of individual nodes, each acting as smart contracts in their own right, gathering information and providing it as needed. Now, instead of blindly trusting a source, smart contracts run through the Chainlink network have unfettered access to resources like data feeds, traditional bank account payments, and web APIs.

<figure><img src="https://2521336890-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FFbZJohtEKsCWqJfnM9Ev%2Fuploads%2FCRD7nfjuKOAgDRxjmeqI%2FChainlink_Logo.png?alt=media&amp;token=f1f93495-6e7c-49cf-bff5-2aa3da18dc47" alt=""><figcaption><p>Source: <a href="https://ctovision.com/chainlink-2-0-the-next-generation-of-hybrid-smart-contracts/">https://ctovision.com/chainlink-2-0-the-next-generation-of-hybrid-smart-contracts/</a></p></figcaption></figure>

<details>

<summary>What is Chainlink?</summary>

Chainlink is a decentralized oracle network. The external data providers that share the work on the network are called “oracles.” These oracles allow Chainlink smart contracts to receive accurate data from external (non-blockchain) sources, such as any kind of API and other external data feeds. LINK is an ERC-20 token used to pay for and ensure the accuracy of this oracle service on the Chainlink network.

Bitcoin's (BTC) value is relative to its usefulness as a general-purpose currency. Chainlink value is set in quite a different way.

Chainlink takes the capabilities of smart contracts to the next level by enabling access to real-world data, events, payments, and more without sacrificing the security and reliability inherent to blockchain technology.

Part of LINK’s value in the marketplace is Ethereum (ETH) value because Chainlink runs on the Ethereum blockchain and relies on Ethereum smart contracts to earn money.

First created in 2017, the Chainlink team has so far been able to deliver on its vision of providing accurate external data to blockchains. Though originating on Ethereum, Chainlink has been designed to work across any blockchain with smart contract functionality. Chainlink does not operate its blockchain – instead, it is interoperable and runs on many different blockchains simultaneously.

</details>

<details>

<summary>How does Chainlink work?</summary>

To allow communication between the blockchain-based smart contracts it services and external data sources, Chainlink follows an innovative three-step process:

1. **Oracle Selection:** a Chainlink user drafts a Service Level Agreement (SLA) specifying a particular set of data requirements. The Chainlink software then uses this SLA to match the user with the most appropriate oracles that can provide the data. Once the parameters are set, the user submits the SLA and deposits their Chainlink (LINK) cryptocurrency in an Order-Matching contract, which accepts bids from oracles.
2. **Data Reporting:** this step is where the oracles connect with the external data sources to obtain the real-world data requested in the Chainlink SLA. The data is then processed by the oracles and sent back to the contracts utilizing the Chainlink service.
3. **Result Aggregation:** the final step of the process is to tally the results of the data collected by the oracles and return it to what’s known as an Aggregation contract. The Aggregation contract takes the data points, assesses the validity of each and returns a weighted score, using the sum of all the data received, to the user (smart contract).

What makes this process especially powerful is how it enables Chainlink to validate data from multiple different sources. Thanks to its internal reputation system, Chainlink can determine with a relatively high accuracy which sources are trustworthy – significantly increasing the accuracy of the results and protecting smart contracts from various malicious attacks.

What part does LINK play in all of this? The smart contracts that request the data pay Chainlink node operators in LINK for their service. The prices are set by the node operators based on the market conditions and demand for that data.

Node operators also stake LINK to ensure long-term commitment to the project. Similarly to a Proof of Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism, Chainlink operators are incentivized with LINK rewards to encourage acting in a trustworthy manner rather than being malicious.

</details>

<details>

<summary>Who are the Founders of Chainlink?</summary>

Chainlink is the product of a blockchain-focused technology startup called SmartContract. Founded in 2014, the company aims to harness blockchain technology – specifically smart contracts – to make contractual agreements that can be used by all participants in the industry, regardless of their skill level and expertise.

Backed by San Francisco-based investment group Data Collective, Smart Contract is set about making its vision a reality with a team of industry-leading innovators.

Sergey Nazarov is the CEO and co-founder of the company. Before SmartContract and Chainlink, Sergey had a history in the space as the founder of Secure Asset Exchange, a cryptocurrency exchange. He also founded a completely decentralized email service dubbed CryptoMail.

Steve Ellis is the CTO and co-founder of the company. Ellis worked with Nazarov before, on the Secure Asset Exchange platform, before joining this venture. He is also an experienced software engineer, having worked at Pivotal Labs before joining the blockchain sector.

Another essential founding member of the Chainlink team is Ari Juels, who, along with Nazarov and Ellis, wrote Chainlink’s whitepaper. A computer science professor at Cornell Tech and the director of IC3, Juels is currently an advisor to the Chainlink team.

As you can see, Chainlink is fully international. The value of the LINK cryptocurrency does not arise from its worldwide use alone, however. LINK value comes from what the token does – it provides oracle services for blockchain apps. Its valuation is like Ripple's (XRP) value: In both cases, the valuation comes from what coins and blockchains empower users to do.

Chainlink held an Initial Coin Offering (ICO) in September 2017, raising $32 million, with a total supply of 1 billion LINK tokens. Following the Chainlink ICO, 35% of LINK tokens were sent to node operators to jump-start the incentivization of this decentralized oracle network, and 30% stayed with the Chainlink team to fund future development.

</details>

<details>

<summary>What makes Chainlink unique?</summary>

There are many unique aspects to the Chainlink project.

One of the most interesting of these unique aspects is Chainlink’s off-chain architecture. The ChainLink network is a part of this architecture, which connects all nodes. Each node is then connected to reserves via APIs to gather responses for every contract using the Chainlink service.\
\
Chainlink nodes may also have external adaptors, helping to extend their connections to nearly any 3rd party API endpoint.

All off-chain data is translated via the ChainLink Core software. It is done so that it can also be read on-chain, with no translation needed. The sub-tasks of the SLAs are also processed by this software, meaning that the entire operation can take place either on-chain or off. The external adaptors mentioned above are critical in making this kind of architecture possible.

These external adaptors allow interaction with 3rd party API endpoints, bridging the gap between blockchain and real-world applications. All adaptors are written in Chainlink’s schema, ensuring complete interoperability.

</details>

<details>

<summary>What gives Chainlink value?</summary>

Chainlink node operators can stake LINK as a way to offer a bid to the intended buyer of the data. The node operator must then provide the information to the contract making the request. Every payout for operators happens in the form of LINK tokens.

This approach incentivizes node operators to keep accumulating LINK. Why? Owning more tokens means access to bigger and more rewarding data contracts. If an operator decides to break the rules, they’ll have their LINK tokens removed.

As we can see, the LINK token helps pay operators on the network. The value and the demand for these LINK tokens primarily depend on the number of operators that work to secure the network. Still, the token also derives its value from the other various use cases of the decentralized oracle network. The more use cases the Chainlink platform can be put to, the more valuable the LINK token will be.

This is quite different from the Bitcoin price, based on its utility as a general-purpose currency. And from the Ethereum price, which is based on the coin’s role in supporting the Ethereum blockchain, which is essential to decentralized applications and NFTs. The XRP price is supported by the usefulness of the underlying XRP Ledger blockchain, which is tuned to support international person-to-person and bank-to-bank fund transfers.

</details>

<details>

<summary>How is the Chainlink Network secured?</summary>

The Chainlink network is secured by a similar concept to Proof of Stake (PoS), where its validator nodes stake LINK to obtain data contracts and are rewarded by the network. The incentivized rewards system dissuades network nodes against malicious or unscrupulous behavior, as does the risk of losing the LINK they have staked.

The Chainlink decentralized oracle network is powered and secured by three types of custom-designed smart contracts as well:

* **Aggregation Contract:** this is what collects the data from oracles and matches the most accurate results with the smart contract that needs them.
* **Order-Matching Contract:** these contracts are in charge of matching the best possible oracle with the smart contract’s service level agreement (SLA) needs.
* **Reputation Contract:** verifies the integrity of an oracle by checking its statistics, including the total number of completed requests, average response time, and amount of LINK tokens staked by the oracle.

</details>

<details>

<summary>Third-party risk to Trendespresso</summary>

<img src="https://2521336890-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FFbZJohtEKsCWqJfnM9Ev%2Fuploads%2FcUyNKELQtXUp0183IFzT%2FOne%20Exclaimation.png?alt=media&amp;token=3321c66e-d0c2-4c27-a45c-68c84d3f463a" alt="" data-size="line">Lowest risk.

We may have difficulty closing out Short positions and allowing Individual mode members to withdraw immediately. Otherwise, Chainlink presents no direct threat.

</details>

{% hint style="info" %}
Chainlink and Trendespresso are fully EVM compatible, allowing us to use Chainlink on the Avalanche blockchain instead of the Ethereum blockchain.
{% endhint %}

## Trader Joe

➡️ <https://traderjoexyz.com/home#/>\
\
Trader Joe, a decentralised exchange (DEX) on the Avalanche (AVAX) blockchain, offers DeFi services, including swapping, staking, and yield farming. The exchange has been growing rapidly, attracting over $4 billion in total value locked (TVL) since it was launched in June 2021. Trader Joe claims to take a community-first approach and prioritise innovation, speed, and safety. It aims to provide a one-stop-shop DeFi experience and to integrate new products without compromising on security.

<figure><img src="https://2521336890-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FFbZJohtEKsCWqJfnM9Ev%2Fuploads%2F7JM8TkiVFgJ6WFftyjyB%2FTraderJoe_Logo.png?alt=media&amp;token=d8d7b992-ac78-4d82-af0f-a0d9bf0a7d0c" alt=""><figcaption><p>Source: <a href="https://traderjoexyz.com/home#/">https://traderjoexyz.com/home#/</a></p></figcaption></figure>

<details>

<summary>Third-party risk to Trendespresso</summary>

<img src="https://2521336890-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FFbZJohtEKsCWqJfnM9Ev%2Fuploads%2FcUyNKELQtXUp0183IFzT%2FOne%20Exclaimation.png?alt=media&amp;token=3321c66e-d0c2-4c27-a45c-68c84d3f463a" alt="" data-size="line">Lowest risk.

TraderJoeXYZ is purely a fallback liquidity provider in case 0x liquidity is unavailable. Only where TraderJoeXYZ *and* 0x go down would there be any cause for concern.

</details>

## TradingView

➡️ <https://tradingview.com>

TradingView is a charting platform and social network used by 30M+ traders and investors worldwide to spot opportunities across global markets. PineScript™ is TradingView’s programming language. It allows traders to create trading tools and execute strategies directly from the TradingView website. PineScript™ is a lightweight, yet powerful, language for developing indicators and strategies that can be executed in realtime or backtested.

<figure><img src="https://2521336890-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FFbZJohtEKsCWqJfnM9Ev%2Fuploads%2FscDC5FlU5Fvk333A3YlB%2FTradingView_Logo.png?alt=media&amp;token=acc25919-b2a8-49d5-86a8-b71f8b546995" alt=""><figcaption><p>Source: <a href="https://static.tradingview.com/static/images/logo-preview.png">https://static.tradingview.com/static/images/logo-preview.png</a></p></figcaption></figure>

<details>

<summary>Third-party risk to Trendespresso</summary>

<img src="https://2521336890-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FFbZJohtEKsCWqJfnM9Ev%2Fuploads%2FOmVzPAdRLgllGmxtRD58%2FTwo%20Exclaimations.png?alt=media&amp;token=de60047e-70f5-4942-8c82-61ab80dad7f4" alt="" data-size="line">Neutral risk.

We're currently running some of our strategies using logic hosted on TradingView via PineScript Alerts. Should TradingView go offline, we'd need to recode our signal applications into another environment/language/framework, such as Python or NodeJS. Long term, we may eventually move our in-house signal logic off TradingView and execute it in a standalone environment on our dedicated server.

</details>


# Exploit Prevention

## Prevention is the best Treatment

We believe the best answer to exploits is to prevent them in the first place. Throughout the Web3 space we see [hacks, exploits, unintended code results](https://web3isgoinggreat.com/), and lapses within [Dr. James Reason's Swiss Cheese Model](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1298298/#:~:text=James%20Reason%20proposed%20the%20image,by%20a%20series%20of%20barriers.). Thus, we've taken steps to thoroughly consider all potential exploits with greater mitigation practices put in place with proportional likelihood and severity considered. To assist in our identification, we've grouped exploits into one of five categories. Each category listed below contains robust and lengthy information about our mitigation measures. Please note that like aircraft manufacturers, we've undertaken tremendous efforts to build multiple and redundant systems with the singular goal of reducing all exploit potential to asymptotically nil.

* [Stealing of Capital](#stealing-of-capital)
* [Bad Actors](#bad-actors)
* [Liquidity](#liquidity)
* [MEV Bots (Frontrunners)](#mev-bots-frontrunners)
* [Copy-trading](#copy-trading)

***

## Stealing of Capital

#### Non-Custodial

As a proud non-custodial project, **we never have custody of anyone's capital**. Rather, each user's smart contract is the only place where capital is held. Each user's smart contract has an `OWNER` address which is assigned upon deployment to the `msg.sender` (the person who pushed the transaction). Since the user deploys the smart contract themselves, they become the `OWNER` and thus all funds in that smart contract belong to them. The `OWNER` of any Pooled smart contracts is the Controller.sol smart contract which the team control. Importantly, Pooled smart contracts keep track of all deposits and ownership percentages such that whilst we can execute withdrawals from Controller.sol we cannot redirect those withdrawals. Only each member (depositor) can receive their proportion of funds back to them.

Only the depositing address can withdraw funds. **There exists no mechanism to redirect withdrawals away from an Individual mode `OWNER` or Pooled mode member.** This means if a depositor were to lose their private key, their funds will be irreversibly lost as is the case with self-custody. We are the self-custody solution to fully managed trading where the benefits and drawbacks are two sides of the one coin: No one can steal your funds since you alone control their movements. At the same time, should you lose access to your account, no one can help you recover control of your funds.

#### No Redirection of Withdrawals

We firmly believe that self-custody is the best path forward and is the best mitigation against theft of capital. **We purposefully omit the ability to withdraw funds from Account X to Account Y.** Our smart contracts *only* offer the ability to withdraw funds deposited by Account X back to Account X.

The only movement of funds functionality the team at Trendespresso can perform is looping through each user and withdrawing their full balance back to them. In this case, your balance is moved in full from your smart contract(s) back to your wallet.

{% hint style="success" %}
Our smart contracts have no ability to freeze withdrawals. Any and all depositors will always be able to withdraw their funds at any time.
{% endhint %}

#### No Balance-Tracker Tokens

Unlike most other DeFi protocols, we don't issue balance-tracker tokens such as [LP tokens](https://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/lp-token#:~:text=\(Liquidity%20Pool%20or%20Liquidity%20Provider,redeemed%20for%20the%20original%20tokens.) or [aTokens](https://docs.aave.com/developers/tokens/atoken). This means that so long as a depositor has control of their wallet, they can always retrieve their funds. No depositor need ever worry about their funds being accidentally transferred away as can happen when a project issues balance-tracking tokens. Our system instead maintains an internal ledger which dramatically reduces the danger of self-custody rookies losing their funds. **If you have control of your wallet, you have control of your funds**.

***

## Bad Actors

#### Making Bad Trades

Our smart contracts offer two levels of privileges: The `trading` authority level and the `admin` authority level. All wallets at both levels are tightly controlled by the team.

The `admin` authority level is able to adjust various parameters of the platform, withdraw users their funds, and to execute trades. The `trading` authority level is *only* able to execute trades.

The `trading` level wallet we use on our Trading Engine is a hot wallet. Ownership of the `trading` level wallet would only permit a bad actor to perform loss-incurring trades for all strategy participants. Importantly however, **there exists no monetary incentive to execute bad trades**. The `trading` is neither entitled to nor collects any trading fees.

Our [trading fees](/about-us/strategies-and-fees#how-do-we-make-income) are collected to the Treasury wallet (default: [`0x781d606b2C4D9EA1C3285AD11aF4B186b7311118`](https://snowscan.xyz/address/0x781d606b2C4D9EA1C3285AD11aF4B186b7311118#tokentxns)) associated with each strategy. A bad actor could alter the Treasury wallet of a given strategy to route future trading fees to a wallet they control. Importantly however these fees would only be collected if the trade(s) were profitable! Thus even if a bad actor were to change the Treasury wallet, the bad actor would only see any income if they make positive, profitable trades for our users. [Game theory putting in work.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavioral_game_theory)

Once again, deposited funds are protected since [there doesn't exist any mechanism to directly withdraw other people's capital](#stealing-of-capital) thus ensuring our [non-custodial promise](#no-redirection-of-withdrawals).

***

## Liquidity

We have succeeded where other on-chain trading funds have failed. Submitting orders on the blockchain comes with the hidden risk of significant price impact. Blockchain liquidity is extremely fragmented with liquidity pools ("LPs") on each DEX offering a slightly different price to each other. DeFi heavily relies on arbitragers to negotiate prices between non-custodial decentralised exchanges ("DEXs") and custodial centralised exchanges ("CEXs"). Slow arbitraging can mean a wildly different price on a given DEX than exists in the rest of the market. Low liquidity within an LP can mean a massive price impact.

{% hint style="danger" %}
In extreme price impact cases, performing a large swap on-chain can result in an **instant -99.99% loss** of capital.
{% endhint %}

We solve this issue by:

{% hint style="success" %}

* Breaking entries and exits into partial orders
* [Utilising 0x](https://0x.org/products/swap) for liquidity aggregation and best-in-market pricing
* Tapping into [0x's private liquidity](https://0x.org/docs/0x-swap-api/guides/accessing-rfq-liquidity-on-0x-api)
* Reverting on [high slippage](https://0x.org/docs/0x-swap-api/advanced-topics/slippage-protection) inside 0x's Router
* Running all trades through our in-house [price protection system](#price-protection-system)
* Reverting in your smart contract(s) [if we were frontrun](https://0x.org/docs/introduction/0x-concept-videos#-mev-aware-dex-design)
  {% endhint %}

#### Price Protection System

Whilst we first employ and rely on 0x's safeguards, we have two additional layers of protection. The first takes place at the Web2 level inside our Trading Engine. The second takes place at the Web3 level inside your smart contract at the very end of our on-chain transaction.

At the Web2 level, our Trading Engine will perform a swap on a locally forked blockchain running on `localhost` and verify the price paid post-transaction. Only after this check succeeds does the transaction get submitted to the blockchain.

At the Web3 level, your smart contract will perform the swap using 0x's `swapCallData` and closely examine the price obtained. If the price is bad for your position beyond a data-driven x.xx% threshold determined programmatically – meaning the price slipped unfavourably against the direction of trade – then our trading smart contract(s) will revert. Reverting on the blockchain means abandoning the swap and thereby not changing your position(s) at all. The minimum or maximum price too accept is submitted by our Trading Engine which itself fetches and aggregates prices from over a dozen sources including Coinbase, Binance, Chainlink, Uniswap, and TraderJoeXYZ.

Altogether then we ensure to the best of our ability that low liquidity will never result in instant losses.

***

## MEV Bots (Frontrunners)

Frontrunning our system is very difficult. For starters, we can only be targeted if someone frontruns our order in the same trade direction *in the same liquidity pool*. To successfully frontrun us, someone would need to spin up their own node to constantly scan their `mempool` for our trade transactions. Once a trade transaction of ours is found, the transaction's bytes would need to be reverse engineered (decompiled), interpreted, and copied. The Avalanche blockchain has a time-to-finality of approximately 2 seconds meaning all of the above would need to be executed within that time to fit within the same block as our trade transaction. If instead the copier's transaction falls into the next block – which is highly likely – then by the very definition they're not a frontrunner and instead a simple [copytrader](#copy-trading).

Assuming someone *does* successfully copy our order and submit it in the same block, they'd still need to submit their transaction to the same liquidity pool or liquidity provider as us to adversely impact the price we obtain. In this instance, we have a number of [prevention measures as outlined above](#liquidity). Our transaction would revert if any one of the aforementioned protections calculates slippage beyond our limit.

Even if the frontrunner controls the liquidity pool/provider to which our order is submitted, your funds are still protected since we have our own in-house [price protection system](#price-protection-system).

{% hint style="success" %}
We have implemented robust resistance measures to prevent the execution of trades at disadvantageous prices.
{% endhint %}

***

## Copy-trading

The highest compliment possible!

Let's assume someone successfully copy trades us. Since their trades will always come after ours – thanks to our [depth of price protection](#liquidity) and the complexity in [frontrunning](#mev-bots-frontrunners) our transactions – their entry and exit prices will always be worse than ours. Overall this means less profit for them and much higher management costs in both time and money.

The easiest way to leverage our successful strategies is to integrate our system at the Web3 smart contract level with our [Whitelabel](/technical-info/whitelabel) implementation.

***

For additional risk analysis, see our [Ecosystem Partners](/technical-info/ecosystem-partners) page where we perform third-party risk assessments. Every piece of our infrastructure is under continuous observation of risk, exploit potential, and improvement. [Preventing](#prevention-greater-than-treatment) the unnecessary loss of capital is of paramount concern to us.


# Whitelabel

{% hint style="warning" %}
This page is a work in progress and not up-to-date with the Trendespresso V2 platform.
{% endhint %}

These docs will guide you on how to interact with our smart contract trading service at the Web3, blockchain-level with examples given in Solidity.

We would be honoured if you chose to integrate our service into your DeFi project. Please do drop us a line if you integrate! We would happily promote your integration: [contact@trendespresso.com​](mailto:contact@trendespresso.com)

From a top-level view, funds are moved in the following order:\
Your Wallet -> BotDepositWithdraw -> Your BotPrivate.

Funds being withdrawn are moved directly from your smart contract wallet (BotPrivate) to Your Wallet. Balances cannot be transferred to any other address. Withdrawals can only be sent back to the depositing address.

***

### DepositWithdraw <a href="#frontend.sol" id="frontend.sol"></a>

Required for depositing or withdrawing.

ABI HERE:&#x20;

{% file src="/files/DuUVeBkKbMMIPOo53LkW" %}

**Solidity Example Code**

* `deposit()` transaction
* `withdraw()` transaction (pending if there's an active trade)
* `withdrawNow()` transaction (always immediate)

<pre class="language-solidity"><code class="lang-solidity">import "./IERC20.sol";
import "./IDepositWithdraw.sol";
IERC20 constant usdc = IERC20(0xB97EF9Ef8734C71904D8002F8b6Bc66Dd9c48a6E);
IBotDepositWithdraw constant teBot = IBotDepositWithdraw(0x000000);

<strong>​function deposit(uint amount) external {
</strong>    // do some things
    // we will write more in the future!
}

function withdraw(uint amount) external {
    // do some other things
    // we promise to write more in the future!
}
</code></pre>

Solidity Interface (`IERC20.sol`):\
<https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/blob/master/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol>​

Solidity Interface (`IDepositWithdraw.sol`): [https://github.com/](https://github.com/tripleconfirmation/tc-core/blob/main/contracts/interfaces/IFrontend.sol)​

Solidity contract full source code (`DepositWithdraw.sol`): [https://github.com/](https://github.com/tripleconfirmation/tc-core/blob/main/contracts/Frontend.sol)​

The above code deposits and withdraws 0.

***

#### Balance Check <a href="#balance-check" id="balance-check"></a>

If you'd like to check your balance, you'll need a bit more code. Please note that checking your balance during a trade will return a best guess estimate using Chainlink's quoted USD prices for the `asset` token. Your BotPrivate will hold `asset` tokens (in a Long position) and/or may owe them as debt (in a Short position) which is subtracted from the `cash` token holdings to arrive at the final balance. There's two methods by which you may check your current balance. To include this functionality, add your preferred function call to the Solidity example code above:

```solidity
function getMyBalance() external view returns (uint) {
    return DepositWithdraw.getCurrentBalance().current;
}

// More to write in the future!
```

***

#### Deposit <a href="#deposit" id="deposit"></a>

ABI HERE:

{% file src="/files/DuUVeBkKbMMIPOo53LkW" %}

The `deposit()` function will `transferFrom()` the depositor the `amountCash` registered in BotPool's `cash` tokens. These tokens will only be successfully transferred if they are accepted into the Trading Bot. The `deposit()` function will revert if the depositor's internal balance did not increase. The `deposit()` function requires sufficient `allowance` to `transferFrom()` the depositor. An `approve()` transaction must be executed on the USDC token contract first: <https://github.com/centrehq/centre-tokens/blob/master/contracts/v1/FiatTokenV1.sol#L226>​Scenario: The botprivate contract has an active trade and a depositor has a Pending Withdrawal of 10 USDC. If the depositor submits a `deposit()`of 3 USDC, then no USDC will be transferred. Instead, their Pending Withdrawal will be amended to 7 USDC.Note that USDC is the only `cash` token used during Alpha v2.5. The USDC deposited will be held temporarily in the BotPool contract if the botprivate contract has an active trade. Otherwise, USDC will be deposited directly into the botprivate contract if it has no active trade ("holding cash").Deposits made during an active trade will be accepted on the active trade's exit. Until then, the USDC tokens will be held in the BotPool contract as a Pending Deposit.The minimum deposit, and balance, during Alpha v2.5 is 1 USDC. Balances that fall below 1 USDC on trade exit will be withdrawn to the depositor.function deposit(address botPool, uint amountTE, uint amountCash)​

<https://github.com/​>

***

#### Deposit (with gasless approvals) <a href="#deposit-with-gasless-tc-approval" id="deposit-with-gasless-tc-approval"></a>

The `depositWithPermit` function only offers execution of gasless [EIP-2612 Permits](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612) for depositing tokens. Unless you really nerd out on that kind of stuff, this is not relevant for Alpha v2.5 (current version).function depositWithPermit(address botPool,uint amountTE,uint amountCash,uint toApprove,uint deadline,uint8 v,bytes32 r,bytes32 s)​

<https://github.com/​>

***

#### Withdraw (Standard, Pending) <a href="#withdraw-standard-pending" id="withdraw-standard-pending"></a>

The `withdraw()` function executes a withdrawal immediately if the botprivate contract has no active trade or submits a Pending Withdrawal if the botprivate contract has an active trade. In the case of a Pending Withdrawal, the withdrawal will be processed on trade exit at the same time as Pending Deposits. A depositor may not concurrently have a Pending Withdrawal and Pending Deposit as they are exclusive to each other.Scenario: The botprivate contract has an active trade and a depositor has a Pending Deposit of 10 USDC. If the depositor requests a `withdraw()`of 3 USDC, then they will instantly receive 3 USDC and have their Pending Deposit amended to 7 USDC.If there is an active trade, the amount you request to `withdraw()` may put your balance below the 1 USDC required minimum balance by the time the trade exits. In such a scenario, your request will instead be processed by `withdrawAll()` and your full balance will be returned.Since these withdrawals occur only when the botprivate contract has settled its trade into `cash` tokens, there is no slippage and no additional on-chain fees.function withdraw(address botPool, uint amountEC, uint amountCash)​

<https://github.com/​>

***

#### Withdraw (Immediate) <a href="#withdraw-immediate" id="withdraw-immediate"></a>

The `withdrawNow()` function immediately withdraws the given TE and `cash` tokens with an optional `swapCallData` field submitted to 0x's smart contracts. To obtain the `swapCallData`, an 0x API call must be made in Web2 for subsequent submission into Web3. Since submitting an 0x API call is complicated and requires unique authorisation using an API token, please contact us for further guidance if you desire to implement immediate withdrawals: <contact@trendespresso.com>​

Full withdrawals must be submitted using either the `withdrawAll()` or `withdrawAllNow()` function. The standard `withdraw()` and `withdrawNow()` functions only allow for partial withdrawals.Generally speaking up to 90% of your balance can be partially withdrawn. Keep in mind that 1 USDC is the required minimum balance.This is an irreversible transaction which instantly reduces your balance in the Trading Bot and settles your requested portion of the Trading Bot's position into `cash` tokens. High slippage may occur due to on-chain swapping!If there is an active trade, on-chain slippage could consume a large portion of your balance! Our frontend at <https://app.trendespresso.com> verifies slippage and reports an estimate before transaction submission whereas no such functionality exists directly on the blockchain, contract-to-contract.function withdrawNow(address botPrivate,uint amountTE,uint amountCash,bytes calldata swapCallData)

​<https://github.com/​>

***

#### Withdraw All (Standard, Pending) <a href="#withdraw-all-standard-pending" id="withdraw-all-standard-pending"></a>

The `withdrawAll()` function will withdraw your entire position. This will execute immediately if there is no active trade or setup a Pending Withdrawal for your full balance if an active trade exists.After submitting a `withdrawAll()` request, new `withdraw()` requests – which withdraw only part of your balance – will be denied (revert with a reason string). To learn how to cancel your `withdrawAll()` request, see [Cancel Pending Transfers](https://wiki.tripleconfirmation.com/triple-confirmation-beta-wiki/technical-documentation/whitelabel-devkit#cancel-pending-transfers).Since these withdrawals occur only when the botprivate contract has settled its trade into `cash` tokens, there is no slippage and no additional on-chain fees.function withdrawAll(address botPrivate, bool onlyCash)

​<https://github.com/​>

***

#### Withdraw All (Immediate) <a href="#withdraw-all-immediate" id="withdraw-all-immediate"></a>

The `withdrawAllNow()` function will withdraw your entire position immediately. This will execute regardless of active trade status. In the case of no active trade existing, this operates the same way as the standard `withdrawAll()` function.If there is an active trade, the optional `swapCallData` field executes the required swap via 0x's smart contracts. To obtain the `swapCallData`, an 0x API call must be made in Web2 for subsequent submission into Web3. Since submitting an 0x API call is complicated and requires unique authorisation using an API token, please contact us for further guidance if you desire to implement immediate withdrawals: <contact@trendespresso.com>​

This is an irreversible transaction which eliminates your entire balance in the Trading Bot and settles your entire portion of the Trading Bot's position. High slippage may occur due to on-chain swapping!If there is an active trade, on-chain slippage could consume a large portion of your balance! Our frontend at <https://app.trendespresso.com> verifies slippage and reports an estimate before transaction submission whereas no such functionality exists directly on the blockchain, contract-to-contract.function withdrawAllNow(address botPrivate,bool onlyCash,bytes calldata swapCallData)

​<https://github.com>

***

#### Cancel Pending Transfers <a href="#cancel-pending-transfers" id="cancel-pending-transfers"></a>

ABI HERE:

{% file src="/files/QViQqRXoxYqfRooFHwME" %}

You may cancel your `withdrawAll()` request and all other Pending transfers of `cash` tokens by executing the `cancelPendingTransfers()` function on the Frontend contract. Executing this function will immediately cancel all Pending Deposits and Pending Withdrawals including a pending `withdrawAll()` request.To include this functionality, add the following to the [Solidity example code above](https://wiki.tripleconfirmation.com/triple-confirmation-beta-wiki/technical-documentation/whitelabel-devkit#solidity-example-code):function cancelPendingTransfers() external {// instantly cancels all pending deposits and pending withdrawalsFrontend.cancelPendingTransfers(botPrivate);}​

<https://github.com/​​​>...

ABIs

{% file src="/files/SrmDR5mjqUoQ54NJlxVN" %}

{% file src="/files/sjDqokkaoaKNKPRW80vK" %}

{% file src="/files/Gs0QNKjxxcJhk1cu9Pfa" %}


# Gain access

To gain access to the full Trendespresso Indicator Suite, simply write to us at <hello@trendespresso.xyz> or [join our Discord server!](https://discord.com/invite/uUM4ehGZn4)

Access to our indicator suite is open to all for a simple donation of £40 ($50). All communications about our indicators and educational materials are available on our Discord server.

***

<figure><img src="https://2521336890-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FFbZJohtEKsCWqJfnM9Ev%2Fuploads%2Ft8UxxtuxCpflSVwZQKY4%2FThe_Cafe_Promo_3.png?alt=media&amp;token=476eb2d7-93cb-40e2-8596-b7ea0308bd63" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

### [Join the Trendespresso Crypto Cafe Discord!](https://discord.com/invite/uUM4ehGZn4)


# Affogato (TE A)

{% embed url="<https://www.tradingview.com/script/8jV2rxui-Trendespresso-Affogato/>" %}

Designed for automated trading.

Signal generator TradingView indicator with comprehensive and in-depth filtering to capture only the strongest signals. Modular, customisable decision tree to produce the best risk-adjusted results.

***

#### Tutorial:

{% embed url="<https://youtu.be/6llyiYU8tRg>" %}
First tutorial of TE A
{% endembed %}

<figure><img src="https://2521336890-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FFbZJohtEKsCWqJfnM9Ev%2Fuploads%2FS3IhXsWsxiG2Zlk3fsn6%2FScreenshot%202024-06-16%20at%2015.11.30.png?alt=media&amp;token=9b99944c-059d-4dbc-a004-509a6522b7f2" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

***

#### How to setup TE A:

{% embed url="<https://youtu.be/FRa5Z-bK1zA>" %}

Using TE A is very simple. The indicator is easy-to-understand and fast to enact. Here's how it goes:

1. Load up TE A on your TradingView chart.
2. Load up TE SW on your TradingView chart.
3. Connect TE A → TE SW to quickly see historically backtested results.
4. Change TE A settings until you find desirable results (see ⁠🫖﹒steeping and ⁠🍁﹒affogato-settings [in our Discord](https://discord.com/invite/uUM4ehGZn4))
5. Connect TE A to an external WebHook service, such as [Alertatron](https://alertatron.com/), to automatically trade the signals (or follow the signals manually).\
   \
   [Or better yet, let us do the work for you!](/strategies/1)\
   We'll watch the **trend** while you relax and sip **espresso**.

***

#### TE A Icon Legend:

<figure><img src="https://2521336890-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FFbZJohtEKsCWqJfnM9Ev%2Fuploads%2FA61rBFwC0AipvPZkdjuD%2FTrendespresso_Icons_v1.png?alt=media&amp;token=69567d53-bf6b-4252-8da1-45089eb7661e" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

***

Too much hassle? Join our fully managed, non-custodial trading service at <https://app.trendespresso.com>


# Breva (TE B)

{% embed url="<https://www.tradingview.com/script/T0Veq2eK-Trendespresso-Breva/>" %}

Designed for human trading.

Trend and directional analysis indicator.

<figure><img src="https://2521336890-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FFbZJohtEKsCWqJfnM9Ev%2Fuploads%2F4pcihlTjoTi51HQ7KGfW%2FScreenshot%202024-06-16%20at%2015.17.22.png?alt=media&amp;token=777d344f-6ff6-48a1-b54c-2ac56c89217a" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>


# Cappuccino (TE C)

{% embed url="<https://www.tradingview.com/script/fVxAWSMU-Trendespresso-Cappuccino/>" %}

Designed for human trading.

Momentum and volatility analysis indicator.

<figure><img src="https://2521336890-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FFbZJohtEKsCWqJfnM9Ev%2Fuploads%2FB4TkD7wcHYNJMMfAGnCu%2FScreenshot%202024-06-16%20at%2015.17.59.png?alt=media&amp;token=35483cb6-aaf8-46d0-9734-ced181e28c48" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>


# Doppio (TE D)

{% embed url="<https://www.tradingview.com/script/sMWV5Fk6-Trendespresso-Doppio/>" %}

Designed for human trading.

Divergence analysis indicator.

<figure><img src="https://2521336890-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FFbZJohtEKsCWqJfnM9Ev%2Fuploads%2F2Zl60vO5PDm3v4oB21GL%2FScreenshot%202024-06-16%20at%2015.19.09.png?alt=media&amp;token=a083894f-c6c5-4f82-bf36-7e43c3ae7fab" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>


# Strategy Wrapper (TE SW)

{% embed url="<https://www.tradingview.com/script/CSFsbxld-Trendespresso-Strategy-Wrapper/>" %}

Takes any indicator with a `StrategyTrigger` or `ORDER` plot output and transfroms them into an automated backtest in the [TradingView Strategy Tester.](https://www.tradingview.com/pine-script-docs/en/v5/concepts/Strategies.html#strategy-tester) Compatible with [Affogato (TE A)](/indicators/affogato-te-a), [Breva (TE B)](/indicators/breva-te-b), and [Cappuccino (TE C).](/indicators/cappuccino-te-c)

{% embed url="<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FKICHC0kF3o>" %}
TradingView Strategy Tester tutorial
{% endembed %}

<figure><img src="https://2521336890-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FFbZJohtEKsCWqJfnM9Ev%2Fuploads%2FnOK9GiiTpd6TjwXwt2vK%2FScreenshot%202024-06-16%20at%2015.19.19.png?alt=media&amp;token=fe4c036f-bf0a-4b1b-947f-92ee5688817d" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>


# FAQ

### **Why have a token?**

☕️ To bootstrap the operational expenses of the company,\
☕️ To subsidise our gas fees due to trading on-chain, and\
☕️ To incentivise people to have a stake in our shared vision.

### **Why do you charge a Per Swap Fee?**

To ensure we are solvent after paying all gas fees even if the trade was regrettably unprofitable. The Per Swap Fee is very low at 50p each and shouldn't be materially significant to any one client.

### **Why do you charge a Profit Fee?**

To incentivise us to give you grand success. If you make 5%, we make 1%. Even better, if you make 50%, we make 10%. The more you make, the more we make. Win-win.

### **Are you going to offer NFTs?**

We have no plans to do so at the moment. We take promises seriously and do not want to commit to anything we cannot deliver in a timely manner.

### **When will there be a liquidity pool for** ŦE token?

We are talking to professional market makers about potential partnerships that would allow us to assist in helping these third-parties to create a liquidity pool or other secondary market for ŦE token.


# UK Risk Disclaimer

We believe that our business falls outside the scope of the Joint Money Laundering Steering Group Guidance from July 2020, as our smart contract system is fully non-custodial, decentralised, community-operated, and puts users in full control. We are a financial technology software business; not a bank, broker, or centralised cryptoasset entity. We understand that blockchain technology presents new challenges for financial compliance, sanctions, anti-money laundering rules, and counter-terrorism funding. We have implemented a Sanctioned Users list as a sign of good faith and are committed to working with the FCA and other government officials to ensure that we do not provide any financial support to terrorists while fostering innovation in the United Kingdom. Your use of this dApp is at your own risk. By doing so, you release Trendespresso, its creators, developers, and contributors from liability arising from any reliance on the information or services provided. You further acknowledge and grant indemnity to Trendespresso for any loss of funds. Investments in cryptoassets carry inherent risks, including price volatility, regulatory uncertainty, and potential loss of funds. You should consult a qualified professional prior to making financial, investment, or cryptoasset-related decisions. Trendespresso, its creators, developers, and contributors may hold positions in the cryptocurrencies, products, or services mentioned and their opinions do not reflect the views of their employers or affiliated organisations.

#### Financial Promotions Disclosure

**Introduction to Trendespresso**

Trendespresso is a beacon of integrity and commitment in financial technology. We're dedicated to following strict standards that align with various legal regulations. Regulations We Adhere To: At the forefront of our practices are the regulations set by the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA), the stipulations of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (FSMA), and the guidelines of the Money Laundering, Terrorist Financing and Transfer of Funds (Information on the Payer) Regulations 2017. Our Belief in Regulation: We firmly believe that a well-regulated industry is pivotal for maintaining trust and ensuring the smooth operation of any society. This conviction drives our commitment to compliance and ethical operations. Our Services: We offer a non-custodial decentralised automated trading service. In simpler terms, this means our platform is designed to work without holding onto your funds directly. Everything operates transparently and autonomously, which ensures maximum security and control for our users. Our Stand on Decentralisation: We're not just a business but advocates for change. We passionately push for decentralisation in crypto as it plays a pivotal role in preventing criminal activities and fraudulent schemes. User Control & Transparency: Users have the wheel with our smart contract system. They maintain complete control over their funds; every transaction is transparent and can be verified for authenticity.

**Important Considerations for Cryptoasset Investments:**

The FCA has highlighted certain risks associated with cryptoasset investments. If you're considering this investment avenue, here are some key points to keep in mind: Volatility of Cryptoassets: Like a roller coaster, the value of most cryptoassets can shoot up or plummet rapidly. This means there's a real risk of losing your entire investment. Safety Nets Don't Apply: Traditional safety mechanisms like the Financial Services Compensation Scheme (FSCS) don't cover cryptoasset investments. Similarly, if you have complaints, the Financial Ombudsman Service (FOS) won't entertain them as they do with conventional investments. Selling Challenges: Imagine wanting to sell an asset, but no one's buying. That's a possibility with cryptoassets. Their sale isn't always guaranteed due to fluctuating market demands and other factors. Complex Nature: Cryptoassets aren't simple. They're multifaceted and can be challenging to understand. Please always prioritize research and education before you dive in. Not All Are Created Equal: Different cryptoassets have unique risks. It's crucial to differentiate and understand these before making any investment decisions. Diversify Your Portfolio: A timeless piece of advice – don't put all your eggs in one basket. Investing all your money in a single type of asset, especially one as unpredictable as cryptoassets is risky.

We highly recommend visiting the FCA’s website for a comprehensive understanding and additional resources. They offer an array of insights and protective measures for prospective investors.

Cryptoasset activies in the UK are supervised by the FCA.

#### For more information, visit:

* [UK Risk Disclaimer](https://wiki.trendespresso.com/)
* [FCA](https://www.fca.org.uk/investsmart/crypto-basics)
* [FSCS](https://www.fscs.org.uk/check/investment-protection-checker/)
* [FOS](https://www.financial-ombudsman.org.uk/consumers)

Kraken has an excellent overview of the risks and more information on each major crypto asset. We highly recommend you check each asset in this dApp to which you may have exposure:

[Kraken Asset Statements](https://www.kraken.com/legal/uk/asset-statements)

***

*By using any of our services, you hereby agree to all of the following:*

I hereby confirm that I have read, understand, and agree to this Disclaimer.

I recognise that engaging with cryptoassets entail inherent risks, including price volatility, regulatory ambiguity, and the potential loss of funds.

I agree that ŦE Token is a Utility Token and is not intended to function as an investment vehicle.

I hereby hold harmless and release Trendespresso and each of its members, founders, owners, employees, and contractors of any and all liability.


# TE Token

## Trading Service

To bootstrap our costs of operation, build our future, and gain market exposure, we are introducing Trendespresso (ŦE) tokens. ŦE tokens can be obtained directly on our app at a currently fixed exchange rate of 10 ŦE to 1 USDC. Anyone can swap for ŦE tokens at <https://app.trendespresso.xyz/swap>.

Depositing large sums of ŦE tokens into Trendespresso will [reduce your profit sharing](/about-us/strategies-and-fees#can-i-reduce-the-trading-fees).

Head on over to [https://app.trendespresso.xyz](https://app.trendespresso.xyz/) with your Web3 wallet **today** and check it out!

***


# Contact Us

***

#### <hello@trendespresso.xyz>

Write to us here for anyone on the team.

***

#### <will@trendespresso.xyz>

Direct email address for Will Baker.

***

#### <jon@trendespresso.xyz>

Direct email address for Jon Baker.

***

Trendespresso is the trading name of Trendespresso LLP. Trendespresso LLP is a limited liability partnership based in the United Kingdom. Registered in England and Wales. Registered no: OC451017. We follow all Financial Conduct Authroity guidance and all UK laws.

{% content-ref url="/pages/iWRhscZwJ0DKjJb27a9M" %}
[Who is TrendEspresso?](/about-us/who-is-trendespresso)
{% endcontent-ref %}